Part 4 is devoted to hydrodynamic stability theory which aims at predicting the conditions under which the laminar state of a flow turns into a turbulent state. The phenomenon of laminar-turbulent transition remains one of the main challenges of modern physics. The resolution of this problem is important not only from a theoretical viewpoint but also for practical applications. For instance, in the flow past a passenger aircraft wing, the laminar-turbulent transition causes a fivefold increase in the viscous drag.

Let p be a prime. In this paper we investigate finite K{2,p}-groups G which

have a subgroup H ≤ G such that K ≤ H = NG(K) ≤ Aut(K) for K a simple

group of Lie type in characteristic p, and |G : H| is coprime to p. If G is of local

characteristic p, then G is called almost of Lie type in characteristic p. Here G is

of local characteristic p means that for all nontrivial p-subgroups P of G, and Q

the largest normal p-subgroup in NG(P) we have the containment CG(Q) ≤ Q.

We determine details of the structure of groups which are almost of Lie type in

characteristic p. In particular, in the case that the rank of K is at least 3 we prove

that G = H. If H has rank 2 and K is not PSL3(p) we determine all the examples

where G = H. We further investigate the situation above in which G is of parabolic

characteristic p. This is a weaker assumption than local characteristic p. In this

case, especially when p ∈ {2, 3}, many more examples appear.

We develop a unified theory of Eulerian spaces by combining the combinatorial theory of infinite, locally finite Eulerian graphs as introduced by Diestel and Kühn with the topological theory of Eulerian continua defined as irreducible images of the circle, as proposed by Bula, Nikiel and Tymchatyn.
First, we clarify the notion of an Eulerian space and establish that all competing definitions in the literature are in fact equivalent. Next, responding to an unsolved problem of Treybig and Ward from 1981, we formulate a combinatorial conjecture for characterising the Eulerian spaces, in a manner that naturally extends the characterisation for finite Eulerian graphs. Finally, we present far-reaching results in support of our conjecture which together subsume and extend all known results about the Eulerianity of infinite graphs and continua to date. In particular, we characterise all one-dimensional Eulerian spaces.

This monograph resolves - in a dense class of cases - several open problems concerning geodesics in i.i.d. first-passage percolation on Zd. Our primary interest is in the empirical measures of edge-weights observed along geodesics from 0 to nξ, where ξ is a fixed unit vector. For various dense families of edge-weight distributions, we prove that these empirical measures converge weakly to a deterministic limit as n→∞, answering a question of Hoffman.

I present a proof of Kirchberg's classification theorem: two separable, nuclear, O∞-stable C∗-algebras are stably isomorphic if and only if they are ideal-related KK-equivalent. In particular, this provides a more elementary proof of the Kirchberg--Phillips theorem which is isolated in the paper to increase readability of this important special case.

Émile Borel, one the early developers of measure theory and probability, was among the first to show the importance of the calculus of probability as a tool for the experimental sciences. A prolific and gifted researcher, his scientific works, so wast in number and scope, earned him international recognition. In addition, at the origin of the foundation of the Intitut Henri Poincaré in Paris and longtime its director, he also served as member of the French Parliament, minister of the Navy, president of the League of Nations Union, and president of the French Academy of Sciences

This is the second paper in a series of papers analyzing angled crested type water waves with surface tension. We consider the 2D capillary gravity water wave equation and assume that the fluid is inviscid, incompressible, irrotational and the air density is zero. In the first paper \cite{Ag19} we constructed a weighted energy which generalizes the energy of Kinsey and Wu \cite{KiWu18} to the case of non-zero surface tension, and proved a local wellposedness result. In this paper we prove that under a suitable scaling regime, the zero surface tension limit of these solutions with surface tension are solutions to the gravity water wave equation which includes waves with angled crests.

Advanced Issues in Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling provides a practical and applied description of advanced issues in PLS-SEM relevant for students, professors and applied researchers. The book combines simple explanations of complex statistical concepts with examples and case studies that readers can follow using datasets available with the book.

In the first edition , the authors discussed methods for determining the support of inhomogeneous media from measured far field data and the role of transmission eigenvalue problems in the mathematical development of these methods. In this second edition, three new chapters describe recent developments in inverse scattering theory.

The smartphones in our pockets and computers like brains. The vagaries of game theory and evolutionary biology. Nuclear weapons and self-replicating spacecrafts. All bear the fingerprints of one remarkable, yet largely overlooked, man: John von Neumann. Born in Budapest at the turn of the century, von Neumann is one of the most influential scientists to have ever lived.